177; Kluchevsky, III, 20; Florinsky, I, 223.
48. Rambaud, A., History of Russia, I, 320.
49. Camb. Mod. History, V, 496.
50. Florinsky, I, 227; Pokrovsky, 182.
51. Kluchevsky, III, 31.
52. Rambaud, I, 341.
CHAPTER XX
1. Tavernier, Six Voyages, ii, 7.
2. Brockelmann, C., History of the Islamic Peoples, 316.
3. Pepys, Diary, Nov. 9, 1663.
4. Arnold, T., The Preaching of Islam, in Toynbee, A., Study of History, VIII, 165.
5. Finlay, G., History of Greece, V, 29, in Toynbee, ibid., 164.
6. Tavernier, i, I.
7. Michelet, Histoire de France, IV, 444.
8. Brantôme, Lives of Gallant Ladies, 135; Landau, R., Invitation to Morocco, 64.
9. Gibb, E. J., Ottoman Literature, 3.
10. Ibid., 236.
11. Dimand, M. S, Guide to Exhibition of Islamic Miniature Painting, 4.
12. Pope, A. U., Catalogue of a Loan Exhibition of Early Oriental Carpets, 93–5.
13. Pastor, Popes, XVIII, 419.
14. Voltaire, Essai sur les moeurs, ch. cxxxi, in Works, XIBb, 270.
15. Preface to Part II of Don Quixote.
16. Motley, Rise of the Dutch Republic, II, 338.
17. Pastor, XVIII, 422.
18. Ibid, 427.
19. 436.
20. Lane-Poole, S, Story of Turkey, 218.
21. En. Br., XV, 969a.
22. Teixeira, P., Travels, 62–6.
23. Pope, A. U, Survey of Persian Art, II, 1406.
24. Tavernier, Six Voyages, iv, 5.
25. Ibid.
26. Michelet, Histoire de France, V, 130.
27. En. Br., XII, 705. The account follows the eloquent description in Arthur Upham Pope, Survey of Persian Art, II, 1185, and the notes of my visit to Isfahan in 1948.
28. Tavernier, v, 2.
29. Browne, E. G, Literary History of Persia, IV, III.
30. Chardin, John, Travels in Persia, 134–6.
31. Ibid., 183, 167.
32. Teixeira, 114, 117.
33. Chardin, 143.
34. Ibid.
35. 146.
36. 279.
37. Tavernier, v, 14.
38. Arnold, Thomas, Painting in Islam, 89.
39. Chardin, 120.
40. Teixeira, 62.
41. Chardin, 187; Tavernier, v, 14.
42. Chardin, 191, 189.
43. Browne, E. G, Literary History, IV, 247.
44. Ibid, 287.
45. En. Br., XII, 705b.
46. Sir Bernard Eckstein Collection.
47. Boston.
48. Pope, Survey, I, 7n.
49. Gulbenkian Collection. Pope, Survey, V, 978.
50. Boston.
51. Pope, Survey, V, 549.
52. Pope, A. U., Introduction to Persian Art, 162.
53. Chardin, Travels, 273.
54. New York.
55. In Pope, Catalogue, 17.
56. Pope, Introduction, 220.
CHAPTER XXI
1. Coxe, W., History of the House of Austria, II, 29.
2. Ibid, 67–72.
3. 130.
4. 94.
5. Camb. Mod. History, III, 719.
6. Tawney, R. H., Religion and the Rise of Capitalism, 122–4.
7. Janssen, History of the German People, VIII, 297–9.
8. Robertson, J. M., Freethought, I, 420.
9. Campbell, The Jesuits, 69.
10. Lützow, Count von, Bohemia, 217.
11. Acton, Lectures, 182.
12. Clark, G. N., Seventeenth Century, 136.
13. Janssen, XV, 32, 44.
14. Ibid., 29–31.
15. Thompson, J. W., Economic and Social History of the Later Middle Ages, 429; Rickard, Man and Metals, II, 565.
16. Janssen, XV, 148.
17. Ibid., 110.
18. 125.
19. Marx, Karl, Capital, I, 467.
20. Janssen, XIII, 147.
21. Ibid, 307.
22. 301.
23. 300.
24. Id, XII, 183.
25. X, 279.
26. XII, 96.
27. XI, 363.
28. Pastor in Janssen, XVI, 130.
29. Janssen, X, 277–8.
30. Wedgwood, Thirty Years’ War, 46.
31. Janssen, XV, 421.
32. Putnam, G. H, The Censorship of the Church of Rome, I, 51.
33. Janssen, X, II.
34. Ibid., 23, 45.
35. Id, XIII, 363f.
36. XIV, 12–14.
37. Wilenski, Dutch Painting, 61.
38. Vienna.
39. Camb. Mod. History, III, 153.
40. Schaff, The German Reformation, I, 64.
41. Janssen, X, 287f”.
42. Ibid, 303–7.
43. 262.
44. 258.
45. 257.
46. 256.
47. Inge, W. R., Christian Mysticism, 277.
48. Ibid, 278.
49. Fülop-Miller, Jesuits, 346.
50. Janssen, X, 214.
51. Ibid, 103, 110.
52. 165.
53. 32.
54. 30.
55. 24.
56. 334–41.
57. 345.
58. 386–90.
59. 215.
60. 219.
61. 589.
62. 594.
63. Wedgwood, 81.
64. Nosek, V., Spirit of Bohemia, 99f.
65. Michelet, IV, 289n.
66. Wedgwood, 171.
67. Ibid, 255.
68. Fletcher, Gustavus Adolphus, 300.
69. Robinson, Readings, 345.
70. Fletcher, 283.
71. Guizot, History, IV, 160.
72. Wedgwood, 353.
73. Ibid, 360.
74. 450.
75. 207, 256–7, 410.
76. 475.
77. 516; Camb. Mod. History, IV, 418.
78. Lützow, 311; Camb. Mod. History, IV, 418.
79. Ibid, 417.
80. Renard and Weulersee, Life and Work in Modern Europe, 294.
81. Jordan, G. J, The Reunion of Churches, 15.
82. Wedgwood, 412; Ogg, Europe in the Seventeenth Century, 168.
83. Wedgwood, 413.
84. Ibid, 229.
85. Camb. Mod. History, IV, 688.
CHAPTER XXII
1. Thorndike, L, History of Magic and Experimental Science, VI, 160–5, 221, 239–40, 295; IV, 247; Garrison, F., History of Medicine, 37.
2. Voltaire, Age of Louis XIV, 18.
3. Smith, P., History of Modern Culture, I, 428.
4. Berry, A., Short History of Astronomy, 195.
5. Jackson, C, Old Paris, 25.
6. Smith, P., Modern Culture, I, 427.
7. Janssen, XII, 346.
8. Ibid, 329.
9. Los Angeles Times, July 2, 1958.
10. Janssen, XVI, 372–6, 495; XII, 325, 351.
11. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, IV, 243–4.
12. Vacandard, E., The Inquisition, 199.
13. Singer, Chas, Studies in the History of Science, I, 213.
14. Lea, IV, 235.
15. Michelet, IV, 183–6.
16. Janssen, XI, 388.
17. Id, XVI, 398, 478.
18. Lea, History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, III, 549.
19. Janssen, XVI, 416.
20. Camb. Mod. History, V, 758 (not 9,000, as in IV, 423).
21. Janssen, XVI, 512, 424.
22. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, IV, 246; cf. Janssen, XVI, 506.
23. Montaigne, Essays, III, xi, 285.
24. Ibid, 286.
25. Smith, Culture, I, 453.
26. Ibid, 454; Dampier, History of Science, 157.
27. Janssen, XVI, 390.
28. Janssen, XI, 379.
29. Evelyn, Diary, I, 139.
30. Putnam, Censorship of the Church of Rome, II, 237–69.
31. In Haydn, Counter-Renaissance, 531.
32. Hallam, Literature, II, 44.
33. Sandys, Sir John,
