123.
29. Camb. Mod. History, III, 232.
30. Motley, II, 72–4.
31. Geyl, 128; Lacroix, Military and Religious Life in the Middle Ages, 440.
32. Motley, II, 40.
33. Ibid., 101.
34. Voltaire, Essai, ch. cxxxvi; Works, p. 294; Hume, M., The Spanish People, 372.
35. Pastor, Popes, XX, 3.
36. Motley, II, 151.
37. Ibid., 169.
38. 515.
39. Geyl, 165.
40. Ibid., 130.
41. 128.
42. Camb. Mod. History, III, 250.
43. Blok, III, 121–3.
44. Geyl, 162; Pastor, XX, 9.
45. Motley, II, 646.
46. Robinson, J. H., Readings in European History, 325; Motley, II, 637.
47. Figgis, From Gerson to Grotius, 228.
48. Camb. Mod. History, III, 258.
49. Blok, III, 179.
50. Ibid., 239.
51. Geyl, 206, 215, 231; Ranke, History of the Popes, II, 221.
52. Blok, III, 415.
53. Camb. Mod. History, III, 646.
54. Blok, III, 413.
CHAPTER XVIII
1. Robinson, Readings, 556.
2. Prescott, H. F., Mary Tudor, 331.
3. Vienna.
4. Prado.
5. Brussels, Vienna, Louvre.
6. Brussels.
7. Rooses, Rubens, I, 9.
8. Pitti Gallery, Florence.
9. Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
10. Grenoble Museum.
11. Rooses, I, 638.
12. Burckhardt, Recollections of Rubens, 21.
13. Janssen, XI, 161.
14. Dresden.
15. Knackfuss, H., Van Dyck, 4.
16. Munich.
17. Lichtenstein Collection, Vienna.
18. Vienna.
19. Geneva.
20. Munich.
21. London.
22. Pitti Gallery.
23. Dresden.
24. Louvre.
25. Vienna.
26. Madrid.
27. Vienna, Madrid.
28. London.
29. Craven, Treasury of Art Masterpieces, 105.
30. Antwerp.
31. Fülop-Miller, Power and Secret of the Jesuits, 422.
32. Munich.
33. Hartford, Conn.
34. Antwerp.
35. Antwerp cathedral and Brussels Museum.
36. Vienna.
37. Vienna.
38. Sarasota, Fla.
39. Rooses, Rubens, I, 395.
40. Ibid., 417.
41. Pitti Gallery.
42. Boston.
43. Rooses, I, 414.
44. Munich.
45. Munich.
46. Hamburg.
47. Vienna.
48. Munich.
49. Munich.
50. Louvre.
51. Brussels.
52. The Hague.
53. Frick Collection, New York.
54. Windsor Castle.
55. Burckhardt, Recollections, 15.
56. Rooses, I, 600.
57. Louvre.
58. Vienna.
59. Knackfuss, 8.
60. Munich.
61. Frick Collection
62. Brussels.
63. Detroit.
64. Munich.
65. Vienna.
66. Antwerp.
67. Knackfuss, 9.
68. Pitti Gallery.
69. Wallace Collection, London.
70. Louvre.
71. Vienna.
72. Vienna.
73. Lichtenstein Gallery, Vienna.
74. Knackfuss, 76.
75. New York.
76. Ibid.
77. Frick Collection, New York.
78. Fitzwilliam Collection.
79. Dresden.
80. Munich.
81. Uffizi Gallery.
82. Blok, III, 333; Mousnier, 160.
83. Maverick, L. A., China a Model for Europe, 5.
84. Adams, Brooks, Law of Civilization and Decay, 107.
85. Nussbaum, History of Economic Institutions, 123.
86. Gooch, Democratic Ideas, 45.
87. Geyl, 211.
88. Ogg, Europe in the Seventeenth Century, 412.
89. Geyl, 238; Blok, III, 354.
90. Fischer, K., Descartes and His School, 212.
91. Taine, H., Lectures on Art, 322.
92. En. Br., X, 498d.
93. In Taine, Lectures, 183.
94. Day, Clive, History of Commerce, 200.
95. See, Modem Capitalism, 32.
96. Wilenski, R. H., Dutch Painting, 132.
97. Baedeker, K., Belgique et Hollande, 383.
98. Chute, Ben Jonson, 301.
99. Geyl, 206.
100. Honey, W. B., European Ceramic Art,
101. Wilenski, Dutch Painting, 10.
102. Taine, Lectures, 333.
103. Hauser, Social History of Art, I, 467.
104. Davies, G. S., Frans Hals, 19.
105. Amsterdam.
106. Haarlem.
107. Lord Northbrooke Collection.
108. Wallace Collection.
109. Devonshire House.
110. Haarlem.
111. Haarlem.
112. Haarlem.
113. Haarlem.
114. Amsterdam.
115. Antwerp.
116. Haarlem.
117. Berlin.
118. Louvre.
119. Cassel.
120. Mather, F. J., Western European Painting of the Renaissance, 461.
121. Chicago.
122. Berlin.
123. New York.
124. The Hague.
125. Michel, E., Rembrandt, I, 63.
126. Amsterdam.
127. The Hague.
128. The Hague.
129. The Hague.
130. Duke of Devonshire Collection.
131. Rothschild Collection.
132. Leningrad.
133. Louvre.
134. New York.
135. Brussels.
136. Amsterdam.
137. Michel, Rembrandt, II, 214.
138. Edinburgh.
139. Louvre.
140. Louvre.
141. London.
142. Berlin.
143. Cassel.
144. Berlin.
145. New York.
146. Washington.
147. Leningrad.
148. London.
149. Glasgow.
150. Cassel,
151. Still with the Six family in Amsterdam.
152. Berlin.
153. Frick Collection.
154. Wallace Collection.
155. Beard, Miriam, History of the Business Man, 316.
156. Marcus Kappel Collection, Berlin.
157. New York.
158. Louvre.
159. Amsterdam.
160. Leningrad.
161. Amsterdam.
162. Froment in Wilenski, Dutch Painting, 93.
163. Self-portrait in the Louvre.
164. New York.
165. I. de Brüyn Collection.
166. Rathenau Collection.
167. In Michel, Rembrandt, I, 259.
168. Wilenski, Dutch Painting, 93.
169. Ibid.
170. Meier-Graefe, Spanish Journey, 313.
CHAPTER XIX
1. Gade, Tycho Brake, 150.
2. Werner, Copenhagen, 3.
3. Ranke, Popes, II, 150.
4. Fletcher, C. R., Gustavus Adolphus, 15.
5. Bain, F. W., Christina, Queen of Sweden, 8.
6. Fletcher, 43.
7. Camb. Mod. History, IV, 187.
8. Wedgwood, C. V., Thirty Years’ War, 273.
9. Fletcher, 27.
10. Bain, 28.
11. Ibid., 10.
12. 42.
13. 162.
14. 96.
15. 97.
16. 95.
17. 166.
18. Pascal, Provincial Letters, introduction, 25.
19. Ranke, Popes, II, 355.
20. Ortega y Gasset, Toward a Philosophy of History, 18.
21. Horn, F. W., Literature of the Scandinavian North, 332.
22. Cf. Ranke, Popes, II, 353.
23. Bain, 358–61.
24. Ranke, II, 359; Bain, 180.
25. Voltaire, Age of Louis XIV, 60.
26. Gustafson in Bain, xvi.
27. Bain, 360.
28. Ogg, 446.
29. Bain, 224.
30. Ibid., 229.
31. Lewinski-Corwin, Political History of Poland, 216–18; Cambridge History of Poland, I, 566.
32. Lednicki, W., Life and Culture of Poland, 125–6.
33. Ibid, 94.
34. Camb. History of Poland, I, 413; Robertson, J. M., History of Freethought, 1,426.
35. Lednicki, 102n.
36. Robertson, Freethought, II, 37.
37. Camb. History of Poland, I, 403–5, 410–11.
38. Ranke, II, 161.
39. Pokrovsky, M., History of Russia, 154.
40. Florinsky, M., Russia: a History and an Interpretation, I, 213.
41. Kluchevsky, V., History of Russia, II, ch. xiii; III, 21; Florinsky, I, 217.
42. Vernadsky, G., History of Russia, 65.
43. Réau, L, L’ Art russe, I, 285.
44. Ranke, II, 155.
45. Florinsky, I, 226.
46. E.g., Pokrovsky, 169–70.
47. Ibid.,
