Psychobiology 17, no. 4 (1984): 347–56; Lynda I. A. Birke and Dawn Sadler, "Differences in Maternal Behavior of Rats and the Sociosexual Development of the Offspring," Developmental Psychobiology 20, no. 1 (1987): 85–99.
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Annamarja Lamminmäki, Melissa Hines, Tanja Kuiri-Hänninen et al., "Testosterone Measured in Infancy Predicts Subsequent Sex-Typed Behavior in Boys and in Girls," Hormones and Behavior 61, no. 4 (2012): 611–16.
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James G. Pfaus, Tod E. Kippin, and Genaro Coria-Avila, "What Can Animal Models Tell Us About Human Sexual Response?" Annual Review of Sex Research 14, no. 1 (2003): 1–63.
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R. Schweizer, G. Blumenstock, K. Mangelsdorf et al., "Prevalence and Incidence of Endocrine Disorders in Children: Results of a Survey in Baden-Wuerttemberg and Bavaria (EndoPrIn BB) 2000–2001," Klinische Pädiatrie 222, no. 2 (2010): 67–72; P. W. Speiser, W. Arlt, R. J. Auchus, L. S. Baskin, G. S. Conway, D. P. Merke, H. F. L. Meyer-Bahlburg et al., "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline," The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 103, no. 11 (2018): 4043–88.
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ВГКН у мужчин, по-видимому, не влияет на гендерное поведение – стиль игры, сексуальную ориентацию или более поздний выбор карьеры, но может сказываться на когнитивных способностях, в частности на пространственном восприятии (у женщин ВГКН, по-видимому, не влияет на пространственное восприятие). Marcia L. Collaer and Melissa Hines, "No Evidence for Enhancement of Spatial Ability with Elevated Prenatal Androgen Exposure in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Meta-Analysis," Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, no. 2 (2020): 395–411.
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Sheri A. Berenbaum and Adriene M. Beltz, "Sexual Differentiation of Human Behavior: Effects of Prenatal and Pubertal Organizational Hormones," Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 32, no. 2 (2011): 183–200.
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Rafał Podgórski, David Aebisher, Monika Stompor, Dominika Podgórska, and Artur Mazur, "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Clinical Symptoms and Diagnostic Methods," Acta Biochimica Polonica 65, no. 1 (2018): 25–33.
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William R. Charlesworth and Claire Dzur, "Gender Comparisons of Preschoolers' Behavior and Resource Utilization in Group Problem Solving," Child Development 58, no. 1 (1987): 191–200.
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Joyce F. Benenson, Warriors and Worriers: The Survival of the Sexes (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 45–51; Amanda J. Rose and Karen D. Rudolph, "A Review of Sex Differences in Peer Relationship Processes: Potential Trade-offs for the Emotional and Behavioral Development of Girls and Boys," Psychological Bulletin 132, no. 1 (2006): 98–131.
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Eleanor E. Maccoby, The Two Sexes: Growing Up Apart, Coming Together (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999): 27; Joyce F. Benenson, Nicholas H. Apostoleris, and Jodi Parnass, "Age and Sex Differences in Dyadic and Group Interaction," Developmental Psychology 33, no. 3 (1997): 538–43.
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Beverly I. Fagot, "Consequences of Moderate Cross-Gender Behavior in Preschool Children," Child Development 48, no. 3 (1977): 902–7.
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Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf, "Sex Differences in Nonhuman Primate Behavioral Development," The Journal of Neuroscience Research 95, no. 1–2 (2017): 213–21; Joyce F. Benenson, "Sex Differences in Human Peer Relationships: A Primate's-Eye View," Current Directions in Psychological Science 28, no. 2 (2019): 124–30; Janice M. Hassett, Erin R. Siebert, and Kim Wallen, "Sex Differences in Rhesus Monkey Toy Preferences Parallel Those of Children," Hormones and Behavior 54, no. 3 (2008): 359–64; Beatrice Whiting and Carolyn Pope Edwards, "A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Sex Differences in the Behavior of Children Aged Three Through 11," The Journal of Social Psychology 91, no. 2 (1973): 171–88; Jac T. M. Davis and Melissa Hines, "How Large Are Gender Differences in Toy Preferences? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Toy Preference Research," Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, no. 2 (2020): 373–94.
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Rong Su, James Rounds, and Patrick Ian Armstrong, "Men and Things, Women and People: A Meta-Analysis of Sex Differences in Interests," Psychological Bulletin 135, no. 6 (2009): 859–84.
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Vickie L. Pasterski, Mitchell E. Geffner, Caroline Brain, Peter Hindmarsh, Charles Brook, and Melissa Hines, "Prenatal Hormones and Postnatal Socialization by Parents as Determinants of Male-Typical Toy Play in Girls with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia," Child Development 76, no. 1 (2005): 264–78.
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Rebecca M. Jordan-Young, "Hormones, Context, and 'Brain Gender': A Review of Evidence from Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia," Social Science and Medicine 74, no. 11 (2012): 1738–44.
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Adriene M. Beltz, Jane L. Swanson, and Sheri A. Berenbaum, "Gendered Occupational Interests: Prenatal Androgen Effects on Psychological Orientation to Things Versus People," Hormones and Behavior 60, no. 4 (2011): 313–17; and Sheri A. Berenbaum, "Beyond Pink and Blue: The Complexity of Early Androgen Effects on Gender Development," Child Development Perspectives 12, no. 1 (2018): 58–64.
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Например, стремясь сократить (или запретить) ненужные с медицинской точки зрения операции на интерсекс-детях, Бостонская детская больница недавно объявила, что больше не будет проводить операции на половых органах детям, которые недостаточно взрослые, чтобы понимать их значение и давать на них согласие. Отныне хирурги больницы не будут уменьшать размер «слишком большого» клитора (который может походить на пенис) и делать вагинопластику, при которой создается нечто напоминающее влагалище. Shefali Luthra, "Boston Children's Hospital Will No Longer Perform Two Types of Intersex Surgery on Children," USA Today, October 22, 2020.
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Jordan-Young, "Hormones, Context, and 'Brain Gender."
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Hugh Lytton and David M. Romney, "Parents' Differential Socialization of Boys and Girls: A Meta-Analysis," Psychological Bulletin 109, no. 2 (1991): 267–96.
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Celina C. C. Cohen-Bendahan, Cornelieke van de Beek, and Sheri A. Berenbaum, "Prenatal Sex Hormone Effects on Child and Adult Sex-Typed Behavior: Methods and Findings," Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 29, no. 2 (2005): 353–84. Однако в работе Wang I. Wong, Vickie Pasterski, Peter C. Hindmarsh, Mitchell E. Geffner, and Melissa Hines, "Are There Parental Socialization Effects on the Sex-Typed Behavior of Individuals with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?," Archives of Sexual Behavior 42, no. 3 (2013): 381–91.
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Kay Bussey and Albert Bandura, "Influence of Gender Constancy and Social Power on Sex-Linked Modeling," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47, no. 6 (1984): 1292–302.
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Melissa Hines, "Prenatal Testosterone and Gender-Related Behaviour," European Journal of Endocrinology 155, suppl. 1 (2006): S115–S121.
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Melissa Hines, "Prenatal Endocrine Influences on Sexual Orientation and on Sexually Differentiated Childhood Behavior," Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 32, no. 2 (2011): 170–82; Melissa Hines, "Human Gender Development," Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 118 (2020): 89–96; Rebecca Christine Knickmeyer, Sally Wheelwright, Kevin Taylor, Peter Raggatt, Gerald Hackett, and Simon Baron-Cohen, "Gender-Typed Play and Amniotic Testosterone," Developmental Psychology 41, no. 3 (2005): 517–58, for null findings.
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Половые различия в уровнях половых гормонов не единственные аспекты нашей физиологии, которые могут напрямую влиять на поведение (в отличие от косвенных воздействий, оказываемых, например, наличием гениталий или различиями в объеме мышц). Помимо генов на Y-хромосоме, которых нет у женщин, представители разных полов также различаются по количеству Х-хромосом. Недавно полученные данные свидетельствуют,
