Wars in Italy, VIII, 12; Schevill, F., History of the Balkan Peninsula, 217; Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 93.
17. Merriman, 60.
18. Ibid., 61.
19. Bury, J. B., in Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 93.
20. Merriman, 72.
21. Camb. Mod. Hy, 94-5,
22. Ibid., 95.
23. Ranke, L. von, History of the Reformation in Germany, 579.
24. Merriman, 124.
25. Ibid., 141-2.
26. Camb. Mod. Hy, III, 123.
27. Gibbons, Foundation of the Ottoman Empire, 81; Schevill, 240.
28. Schevill, 233.
29. Merriman, 171.
30. Bury in Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 101.
31. Merriman, 202.
32. Ibid., 165.
33. Camb. Mod. Hy, I, 101.
34. Creasy, E. S., History of the Ottoman Turks, 113; Merriman, 148.
35. Robertson, Wm., History of the Reign of Charles V, II, 367.
36. Schevill, 238.
37. Creasy, 109.
38. Lane-Poole, S., Saladin, 36.
39. Hitti, P. K., History of the Arabs, 19.
40. Merriman, 203.
41. Gibbons, 74; Creasy, 106.
42. Bacon, Fr., Philosophical Works, ed. Robertson, 749.
43. Creasy, 113.
44. Gibb, Ottoman Literature, 233.
45. Camb. Mod. Hy, VI, 420.
46. Creasy, 108.
47. Ibid., 109.
48. Gibb, 123-8.
49. Luther, To the Christian Nobility, in Works, II, 149.
50. Froude, J. A., The Reign of Henry VIII, II, 184n.
51. Lang, A., History of Scotland, II, 78.
52. Gibb., 218.
53. Merriman, 185-93; Robertson, Charles V. II, 365-73.
CHAPTER XXXII
1. Percy, Thos., Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, II, 116; Jewish Encyc., XII, 462.
2. Marcus, J., The Jew in the Medieval World, 395-7.
3. Graetz, H., History of the Jews, IV, 272.
4. Erasmus, Letter to Capito, March 13, 1518.
5. Graetz, IV, 296-9; Abbott, G. F., Israel in Europe, 198-9.
6. Abbott, 203.
7. Baron, Salo, Social and Religious History of the Jews, II, 58 f.
8. Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science, III–I, 57.
9. Graetz, IV, 220.
10. Ibid., 407.
11. Pastor, L., History of the Popes, VIII, 444.
12. Id., X, 372.
13. Roth, C., in Finkelstein, L., ed., The Jews, 239.
14. Waxman, M., History of Jewish Literature, II, 66.
15. Roth, C., The Jewish Contribution to Civilization, 92.
16. Thompson, J. W., Economic and Social History of Europe in the Later Middle Ages, 30.
17. Newman, L. J., Jewish Influence in Christian Reform Movements, 436-50.
18. Dubnow, S. M., History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, I, 61.
19. Ibid., 85-7.
20. Abrahams, Israel, Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, 403.
21. Newman, 483.
22. Ibid., 473.
23. Graetz, IV, 549-51.
24. Finkelstein, 241.
25. Coulton, G. G., Medieval Panorama, 185.
26. Sarton, III-2, 1059.
27. Coulton, G. G., From St. Francis to Dante, no.
28. Janssen, J., History of the German People at the Close of the Middle Ages, II, 73.
29. Roth, Jewish Contribution, 25.
30. Graetz, IV, 286.
31. Ibid., 245.
32. Cf. e.g., Coulton, Life in the Middle Ages, II, 147.
33. Graetz, IV, 253.
34. Ibid., 55-7; Baron, II, 29.
35. Monmarché, M., ed., Châteaux of the Loire, 190.
36. Graetz, IV, 98.
37. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, I, 101; Abbott, 103; Graetz, 103.
38. Ibid., 101.
39. Abrahams, Jewish Life, 331.
40. Marcus, 44.
41. Cambridge Medieval History, VII, 657.
42. Baron, II, 29.
43. Lea, Inquisition in the Middle Ages, II, 379.
44. Graetz, 109-10.
45. Thompson, Economic and Social History, 214.
46. Kastein, J., History and Destiny of the Jews, 321.
47. Janssen, II, 78.
48. Ibid., 76.
49. Jew. Encyc., III, 554.
50. Graetz, 302-7.
51. Ibid., 513.
52. Ibid., 515.
53. Ibid., 52071.
54. Ibid., 523.
55. Prescott, W. H., History of the Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, I, 517; Abbott, 191.
56. Burckhardt, J., Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, 488.
57. Sombart, W., The Jews and Modern Capitalism, 17.
58. Finkelstein, 240.
59. Roth, Jewish Contribution, 210.
60. Graetz, 500.
61. Ibid., 515.
62. Ibid., 525-7.
63. Ibid., 567; Pastor, XIV, 271-4.
64. Abbott, 203; Abrahams, Jewish Life, 67.
65. Pastor, XIV, 274.
66. Abbott, 204; Robertson, W., History of the Reign of Charles V, I, 206-7.
67. Pastor, i.e.
68. Graetz, 361-2.
69. Ibid.
70. Ibid., 356.
71. Robertson, W., Charles V, I, 207.
72. Burton, R. F., The Jew, the Gypsy, and El Islam, 65.
73. Graetz, III, 511.
74. Durant, W., Age of Faith, 375.
75. Finkelstein, 229.
76. Abrahams, Jewish Life, 160.
77. Abbott, 202.
78. Marcus, 170 f.
79. Abrahams, I., Chapters on Jewish Literature, 226.
80. Waxman, II, 258.
81. Jew. Encyc., XII, 404.
82. Baron, II, 132.
83. Husik, I., History of Medieval Jewish Philosophy, 360; Waxman, 256.
84. Jew. Encyc., VIII, 29.
85. Baron, 85.
CHAPTER XXXIII
1. Mattingly, G., Catherine of Aragon, 109.
2. Agricola, De re metallica, 99, 100.
3. Ibid., xiii, 46-7, 52.
4. Usher, 274.
5. Toynbee, A., A Study of History, IX, 365-6.
6. Erasmus, «Diversoria,» in Colloquies, I, 288 f.
7. Merchant of Venice, III, iv, 271.
8. Smith, Reformation, 473.
9. Froude, Edward VI, 41-2; Marx, Capital, 808.
10. Smith, Reformation, 554-5.
11. Ibid., 469.
12. Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologica, II Ilae, lxvi, 7; cxviii, 1.
13. Lacroix, Manners, Customs, and Dress during the Middle Ages,
