xii и 30.
76
Mundy, Mapping of New Spain, 63–64, 96.
77
Mundy, Mapping of New Spain, 135–138.
78
Christopher Columbus, The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus, пер. J. M. Cohen (London: Penguin Books, 1969), 224.
79
Wootton, The Invention of Science, 57–108; здесь автор высказывает аналогичную мысль, но не признает роль познаний коренных американских народов в этом процессе.
80
Aydın Sayılı, The Observatory in Islam and Its Place in the General History of the Observatory (Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1960), 259–288, Stephen Blake, Astronomy and Astrology in the Islamic World (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016), 82–88 и Toby Huff, Intellectual Curiosity and the Scientific Revolution: A Global Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 138.
81
Sayılı, Observatory in Islam, 213 и 259–288, Vasiliı˘ Vladimirovich Barthold, Four Studies on the History of Central Asia (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1958), 1–48, 119–124 и Benno van Dalen, 'Ulugh Beg', в The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, ed. Thomas Hockey (New York: Springer, 2007).
82
Stephen Blake, Time in Early Modern Islam (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 8–10 и Sayılı, Observatory in Islam, 13–14 и 259–288.
83
См.: Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Science and Civilization in Islam (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968) и Jim Al-Khalili, Pathfinders: The Golden Age of Arabic Science (London: Allen Lane, 2010).
84
Marwa Elshakry, 'When Science Became Western: Historiographical Reflections', Isis 101 (2010). Поскольку историю исламской астрономии часто заканчивают на Улугбеке, я решил начать свою версию истории именно с него.
85
Sayılı, Observatory in Islam, 262–290.
86
Huff, Intellectual Curiosity, 138 и İhsan Fazlıoğlu, 'Qūshjī', в Hockey, ed., The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers.
87
Sayılı, Observatory in Islam, 272, Huff, Intellectual Curiosity, 135 и Blake, Astronomy and Astrology, 90.
88
David King, 'The Astronomy of the Mamluks', Muqarnas 2 (1984): 74 и Huff, Intellectual Curiosity, 123.
89
Barthold, Four Studies, 144–177.
90
Jack Goody, Renaissances: The One or the Many? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009) и Peter Burke, Luke Clossey, and Felipe Fernández-Armesto, 'The Global Renaissance', Journal of World History 28 (2017).
91
Michael Hoskin, 'Astronomy in Antiquity', в The Cambridge Illustrated History of Astronomy, ed. Michael Hoskin (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997) и Michael Hoskin and Owen Gingerich, 'Islamic Astronomy', в Hoskin, ed., The Cambridge Illustrated History of Astronomy.
92
Hoskin, 'Astronomy in Antiquity', 42–45.
93
Abdelhamid I. Sabra, 'An Eleventh-Century Refutation of Ptolemy's Planetary Theory', в Science and History: Studies in Honor of Edward Rosen, eds. Erna Hilfstein, Paweł Czartoryski, and Frank Grande (Wrocław: Polish Academy of Sciences Press, 1978), 117–131, F. Jamil Ragep, 'Tūsī', в Hockey, ed., The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers и Sayılı, Observatory in Islam, 187–223.
94
John North, The Fontana History of Astronomy and Cosmology (London: Fontana Press, 1994), 192–195, F. Jamil Ragep, 'Nasir al-Din al-Tusi', в Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī's Memoir on Astronomy, пер. F. Jamil Ragep (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1993), F. Jamil Ragep, 'The Tadhkira', в Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī's Memoir и Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī's Memoir, 130–142.
95
Michael Hoskin and Owen Gingerich, 'Medieval Latin Astronomy', в Hoskin, ed., The Cambridge Illustrated History of Astronomy, 72–73.
96
Avner Ben-Zaken, Cross-Cultural Scientific Exchanges in the Eastern Mediterranean, 1560–1660 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010), 2 и North, Fontana History of Astronomy, 255.
97
George Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2007) и George Saliba, 'Whose Science is Arabic Science in Renaissance Europe?', Columbia University, дата обращения: 20 ноября 2018 г., http://www.columbia.edu/~gas1/project/visions/case1/sci.1.html.
98
Ernst Zinner, Regiomontanus: His Life and Work, пер. Ezra Brown (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990), 1–33 и North, Fontana History of Astronomy, 253–259.
99
Там же.
100
Noel Swerdlow, 'The Recovery of the Exact Sciences of Antiquity: Mathematics, Astronomy, Geography', в Rome Reborn: The Vatican Library and Renaissance Culture, ed. Anthony Grafton (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1993), 125–153 и Zinner, Regiomontanus, 51–52.
101
Fazlıoğlu, 'Qūshjī', Huff, Intellectual Curiosity, 139, F. Jamil Ragep, 'Ali Qushji and Regiomontanus: Eccentric Transformations and Copernican Revolutions', Journal for the History of Astronomy 36 (2005) и F. Jamil Ragep, 'Copernicus and His Islamic Predecessors: Some Historical Remarks', History of Science 45 (2007): 74.
102
Robert Westman, The Copernican Question: Prognostication, Skepticism, and Celestial Order (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011), 76–108 и Hoskin and Gingerich, 'Medieval Latin Astronomy', 90–97.
103
Ragep, 'Copernicus and His Islamic Predecessors', 65, George Saliba, 'Revisiting the Astronomical Contact between the World of Islam and Renaissance Europe', в The Occult Sciences in Byzantium, eds. Paul Magdalino and Maria Mavroudi (Geneva: La Pomme d'Or, 2006) и Saliba, 'Whose Science is Arabic Science in Renaissance Europe?'.
104
North, Fontana History of Astronomy, 217–223, Ragep, 'Copernicus and His Islamic Predecessors', 68, Saliba, Islamic Science, 194–232 и Hoskin and Gingerich, 'Medieval Latin Astronomy', 97.
105
Saliba, 'Revisiting the Astronomical', Saliba, Islamic Science, 193–201 и Ragep, 'Copernicus and His Islamic Predecessors'.
106
B. L. van der Waerden, 'The Heliocentric System in Greek, Persian and Hindu Astronomy', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 500 (1987).
107
Ben-Zaken, Cross-Cultural Scientific Exchanges, 24–25.
108
Ben-Zaken, Cross-Cultural Scientific Exchanges, 8–26 и Sayılı, Observatory in Islam, 289–305.
109
Там же.
110
Ben-Zaken, Cross-Cultural Scientific Exchanges, 8–21.
111
Ben-Zaken, Cross-Cultural Scientific Exchanges, 10–21 и Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, 'Ottoman Science', в Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, ed. Helaine Selin, 2nd edn (New York: Springer, 2008), 3478–3481.
112
Ben-Zaken, Cross-Cultural Scientific Exchanges, 21–24 и Sayılı, Observatory in Islam, 297–298.
113
Там же.
114
Там же.
115
Ben-Zaken, Cross-Cultural Scientific Exchanges, 40–42.
116
Harun Küçük, Science Without Leisure: Practical Naturalism in Istanbul, 1660–1732 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019), 25–26, 56–63, Feza Günergun, 'Ottoman Encounters with European Science: Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Translations into Turkish', в Cultural Translation in Early Modern Europe, eds. Peter Burke and R. Po-chia Hsia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 193–206 и Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, 'The Ottoman Scientific-Scholarly Literature', в History of the Ottoman State, Society & Civilisation, ed. Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (Istanbul: Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture, 1994), 521–66.
117
Küçük, Science Without Leisure, 109 и 237–40, İhsanoğlu, 'Ottoman Science', 5, Günergun, 'Ottoman Encounters', 194–5 и Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, 'The Introduction of Western Science to the Ottoman World: A Case Study of Modern Astronomy (1660–1860)', в Science, Technology and Learning in the Ottoman Empire, ed.
