Часть 2. Еда в промышленных масштабах
Поход в «Чилиз»
1. Нора Волкова, доктор медицины, директор Национального института по изучению злоупотребления наркотиками США, объяснила общие механизмы поощрения при употреблении пищи и приеме наркотиков.
N. D. Volkow and R. A. Wise, How Can Drug Addiction Help Us Understand Obesity? Nature Neuroscience 8, no. 5 (2005): 555–60;
A. Spiegel, E. Nabel, N. D. Volkow, S. Landis, and T. K. Li, Obesity on the Brain, Nature Neuroscience 8, no. 5 (2005): 552–3;
P. K. Thanos, M. Michaelides, J. D. Gispert, J. Pascau, M. L. Soto-Montenegro, M. Desco, R. Wang, G. J. Wang, and N. D. Volkow, Differences in Response to Food Stimuli in a Rat Model of Obesity: In-Vivo Assessment of Brain Glucose Metabolism, International Journal of Obesity 32, no. 7 (2008): 1171–9;
P. K. Thanos, M. Michaelides, C. W. Ho, G. J. Wang, A. H. Newman, C. A. Heidbreder, C. R. Ashby Jr., E. L. Gardner, and N. D. Volkow, The Effects of Two Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonists (Sb-277011a and Ngb-2904) on Food Self-Administration in a Rodent Model of Obesity, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 89, no. 4 (2008): 499–507;
P. K. Thanos, M. Michaelides, Y. K. Piyis, G. J. Wang, and N. D. Volkow, Food Restriction Markedly Increases Dopamine D2 Receptor (D2r) in a Rat Model of Obesity as Assessed with in-Vivo Mupet Imaging ([11c] Raclopride) and in-Vitro ([3h] Spiperone) Autoradiography, Synapse 62, no. 1 (2008): 50–61;
N. D. Volkow and C. P. O’Brien, Issues for DSM-V: Should Obesity Be Included as a Brain Disorder? American Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 5 (2007): 708–10;
N. D. Volkow, G. J. Wang, J. S. Fowler, and F. Telang, Overlapping Neuronal Circuits in Addiction and Obesity: Evidence of Systems Pathology, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1507 (2008): 3191–200;
N. D. Volkow and R. A. Wise, How Can Drug Addiction Help Us Understand Obesity? Nature Neuroscience 8, no. 5 (2005): 555–60;
G. J. Wang, N. D. Volkow, and J. S. Fowler, The Role of Dopamine in Motivation for Food in Humans: Implications for Obesity, Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 6, no. 5 (2002): 601–9;
G. J. Wang, N. D. Volkow, J. Logan, N. R. Pappas, C. T. Wong, W. Zhu, N. Netusil, and J. S. Fowler, Brain Dopamine and Obesity, Lancet 357, no. 9253 (2001): 354–7;
G. J. Wang, N. D. Volkow, P. K. Thanos, and J. S. Fowler, Similarity between Obesity and Drug Addiction as Assessed by Neurofunctional Imaging: A Concept Review, Journal of Addictive Diseases 23, no. 3 (2004): 39–53.
Ныне покойная Энн Келли, PhD, заслуженный профессор нейробиологии на кафедре психиатрии Висконсинского университета, провела революционные исследования «естественных» вознаграждений.
A. E. Kelley, Ventral Striatal Control of Appetitive Motivation: Role in Ingestive Behavior and Reward-Related Learning, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 27, no. 8 (2004): 765–76;
A. E. Kelley, B. A. Baldo, and W. E. Pratt, A Proposed Hypothalamic-Thalamic-Striatal Axis for the Integration of Energy Balance, Arousal, and Food Reward, Journal of Comparative Neurology 493, no. 1 (2005): 72–85;
A. E. Kelley, B. A. Baldo, W. E. Pratt, and M. J. Will, Corticostriatal-Hypothalamic Circuitry and Food Motivation: Integration of Energy, Action and Reward, Physiology and Behavior 86, no. 5 (2005): 773–95;
A. E. Kelley and K. C. Berridge, The Neuroscience of Natural Rewards: Relevance to Addictive Drugs, Journal of Neuroscience 22, no. 9 (2002): 3306–11.
2. Список ингредиентов, приведенный на картонных коробках, в которых эти рулетики привозят в рестораны с завода, гласит:
