Книга Отрицатели науки. Как говорить с плоскоземельщиками, антиваксерами и конспирологами - Ли Макинтайр

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Davenport C. Major Climate Report Describes a Strong Risk of Crisis as Early as 2040 // The New York Times. 2018. 7 октября. URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/07/climate/ipcc-climate-report-2040.html.

Davenport C. Major Climate Report Describes a Strong Risk of Crisis as Early as 2040 // The New York Times. 2018. 7 октября. Meador R. New Outlook on Global Warming: Best Prepare for Social Collapse, and Soon // MinnPost. 2018. 15 октября. URL: https://www.minnpost.com/earth-journal/2018/10/new-outlook-on-global-warming-best-prepare-for-social-collapse-and-soon/.

Bledsoe P. Going Nowhere Fast and Climate Change, Year After Year // The New York Times. 2018. 19 декабря. URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/29/opinion/climate-change-global-warming-history.html; Dennis B. и др. ‘We Are in Trouble’: Global Carbon Emissions Reached a Record High in 2018 // The Washington Post. 2018. 5 декабря. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2018/12/05/we-are-trouble-global-carbon-emissions-reached-new-record-high/. Mooney C. и др. The World Has Just over a Decade to Get Climate Change under Control // The Washington Post. 2018. 7 октября. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2018/10/08/world-has-only-years-get-climate-change-under-control-un-scientists-say/.

Dennis B. и др. ‘We Are in Trouble’: Global Carbon Emissions Reached a Record High in 2018 // The Washington Post. 2018. 5 декабря. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2018/12/05/we-are-trouble-global-carbon-emissions-reached-new-record-high/; Mooney C. и др. The World Has Just over a Decade to Get Climate Change under Control // The Washington Post. 2018. 7 октября. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2018/10/08/world-has-only-years-get-climate-change-under-control-un-scientists-say/.

Mufson S. ‘A Kind of Dark Realism’: Why the Climate Change Problem Is Starting to Look Too Big to Solve // The Washington Post. 2018. 4 декабря. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/a-kind-of-dark-realism-why-the-climate-change-problem-is-starting-to-look-too-big-to-solve/2018/12/03/378e49e4-e75d-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html.

Rice D. Coal Is the Main Offender for Global Warming, and Yet the World Is Using It More Than Ever // USA Today. 2019. 26 марта. URL: https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/03/26/climate-change-coal-still-king-global-carbon-emissions-soar/3276401002/.

Dennis B. и др. ‘We Are in Trouble’: Global Carbon Emissions Reached a Record High in 2018 // The Washington Post. 2018. 5 декабря. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2018/12/05/we-are-trouble-global-carbon-emissions-reached-new-record-high/.

Carraud S. и др. Macron Makes U-turn on Fuel Tax Increase, in Face of ‘Yellow Vest’ Protests // Reuters. 2018. 4 декабря. URL: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-protests/macron-makes-u-turn-on-fuel-tax-increases-in-face-of-yellow-vest-protests-idUSKBN1O30MX.

Mufson S. ‘A Kind of Dark Realism’: Why the Climate Change Problem Is Starting to Look Too Big to Solve // The Washington Post. 2018. 4 декабря. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/a-kind-of-dark-realism-why-the-climate-change-problem-is-starting-to-look-too-big-to-solve/2018/12/03/378e49e4-e75d-11e8-a939-9469f1166f9d_story.html.

Dennis B. Trump Makes It Official: U.S. Will Withdraw from Paris Climate Accords // The Washington Post. 2019. 4 ноября. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/11/04/trump-makes-it-official-us-will-withdraw-paris-climate-accord/.

Roberts D. The Trump Administration Just Snuck through Its Most Devious Coal Subsidy Yet // Vox. 2019. 23 декабря. URL: https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/12/23/21031112/trump-coal-ferc-energy-subsidy-mopr.

Rott N. и др. Trump Administration Weakens Auto Emissions Standards // NPR. 2020. 31 марта. URL: https://www.npr.org/2020/03/31/824431240/trump-administration-weakens-auto-emissions-rolling-back-key-climate-policy.

Kingsley P. Trump Says California Can Learn from Finland on Fires. Is He Right? // The New York Times. 2018. 18 ноября. URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/18/world/europe/finland-california-wildfires-trump-raking.html.

Rubin J. Trump Shows the Rank Dishonesty of Climate-Change Deniers // The Washington Post. 2018. 15 октября. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/opinions/wp/2018/10/15/trump-shows-the-rank-dishonesty-of-climate-change-deniers/.

Dawsey J. и др. Trump on Climate Change: ‘People Like Myself, We Have Very High Levels of Intelligence but We’re Not Necessarily Such Believers’ // The Washington Post. 2018. 27 ноября. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-on-climate-change-people-like-myself-we-have-very-high-levels-of-intelligence-but-were-not-necessarily-such-believers/2018/11/27/722f0184-f27e-11e8-aeea-b85fd44449f5_story.html; Viser M. ‘Just a Lot of Alarmism’: Trump’s Skepticism of Climate Science Is Echoed across GOP // The Washington Post. 2018. 2 декабря. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/just-a-lot-of-alarmism-trumps-skepticism-of-climate-science-is-echoed-across-gop/2018/12/02/f6ee9ca6-f4de-11e8-bc79-68604ed88993_story.html.

Dennis B. Major Trump Administration Climate Report Says Damage Is ‘Intensifying across the Country’ // The Washington Post. 2018. 23 ноября. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2018/11/23/major-trump-administration-climate-report-says-damages-are-intensifying-across-country/; Christensen J. и др. Climate Change Will Shrink U.S. Economy and Kill Thousands // CNN. 2018. 23 ноября. URL: https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/23/health/climate-change-report-bn/index.html.

Нет единодушия по поводу громких заявлений о том, что глобальное потепление сделает планету непригодной для жизни или приведет к исчезновению нашего вида. Тем не менее нет сомнений, что оно радикально изменит жизнь человечества, принесет неисчислимые бедствия и миллионы смертей. Это не говоря уже о массовом вымирании других видов и утрате биоразнообразия. Watson R. Loss of Biodiversity Is Just as Catastrophic as Climate Change // The Guardian. 2019. 6 мая. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/06/biodiversity-climate-change-mass-extinctions; Shellenberger M. Why Apocalyptic Claims About Climate Change Are Wrong // Forbes. 2019. 25 ноября. URL: https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelshellenberger/2019/11/25/why-everything-they-say-about-climate-change-is-wrong/#5cea81cb12d6; Mooney C. Scientists Challenge Magazine Story about ‘Uninhabitable Earth’ // The Washington Post. 2017. 12 июля. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/07/12/scientists-challenge-magazine-story-about-uninhabitable-earth/; Christensen J. 250,000 Deaths a Year from Climate Change Is a ‘Conservative Estimate,’ Research Says // CNN. 2019. 16 января. URL: https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/16/health/climate-change-health-emergency-study/index.html; The Impact of Global Warming on Human Fatality Rates // Scientific American. 2009. 7 июня. URL: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/global-warming-and-health/.

Climate Concerns Increase: Most Republicans Now Acknowledge Change // Monmouth. 2018. 29 ноября. URL: https://www.monmouth.edu/polling-institute/reports/monmouthpoll_us_112918/. Ряд других недавних опросов подтвердил эти результаты: Schwartz J. Global Warming Concerns Rise Among Americans in New Poll // The New York Times. 2019. 22 января. URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/22/climate/americans-global-warming-poll.html; Meyer R. Voters Really Care about Climate Change // The Atlantic. 2020. 21 февраля. URL: https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/02/poll-us-voters-really-do-care-about-climate-change/606907/; Dennis B. и др. Americans Increasingly See Climate Change as a Crisis, Poll Shows // The Washington Post. 2019. 13 сентября. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/americans-increasingly-see-climate-change-as-a-crisis-poll-shows/2019/09/12/74234db0-cd2a-11e9-87fa-8501a456c003_story.html; Scientific Consensus: Earth’s Climate Is Warming // NASA. URL: https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus/.

См. главу 7 в: Mooney C. The Republican War on Science. New York: Basic Books, 2005.

Два лучших примера: Hansen J. Storms of My Grandchildren. New York: Bloomsbury, 2009 и Hoggan J. Climate Cover-Up: The Crusade to Deny Global Warming. Vancouver: Greystone, 2009.

Mooney C. The Republican War on Science. New York: Basic Books, 2005. С. 81.

Powell J.L. Why Climate Deniers Have No Scientific Credibility – in One Pie Chart // DeSmog. 2012. 15 ноября. URL: https://www.desmogblog.com/2012/11/15/why-climate-deniers-have-no-credibility-science-one-pie-chart.

Powell J.L. Why Climate Deniers Have No Scientific Credibility: Only 1 of 9,136 Recent Peer-Reviewed Authors Rejects Global Warming // DeSmog. 2014. 8 января. URL: https://www.desmogblog.com/2014/01/08/why-climate-deniers-have-no-scientific-credibility-only-1-9136-study-authors-rejects-global-warming.

Doran P.T. и др. Examining the Scientific Consensus on Climate Change // Eos: Transactions of the American Geophysical Union. 2009. № 90 (3). С. 22–23.

Cook J. и др. Quantifying the Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming in the Scientific Literature // Environmental Research Letters. 2013. 15 мая. URL: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024024/pdf; The 97 % Consensus on Global Warming // Skeptical Science. URL: https://www.skepticalscience.com/global-warming-scientific-consensus-intermediate.htm.

Foley K.E. Those 3 % of Scientific Papers That Deny Climate Change? A Review Found Them All Flawed // Quartz. 2017. 5 сентября. URL: https://qz.com/1069298/the-3-of-scientific-papers-that-deny-climate-change-are-all-flawed/; Nuccitelli D. Millions of Times Later, 97 Percent Climate Consensus Still Faces Denial // Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 2019. 15 августа. URL: https://thebulletin.org/2019/08/millions-of-times-later-97-percent-climate-consensus-still-faces-denial/; Nuccitelli D. Here’s What Happens When You Try to Replicate Climate Contrarian Papers // The Guardian. 2015. 25 августа. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2015/aug/25/heres-what-happens-when-you-try-to-replicate-climate-contrarian-papers; Benestad R.E. и др. Learning from Mistakes in Climate Research // Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2016. № 126. С. 699–703. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00704-015-1597-5.

Поразительно, что даже сегодня, спустя 150 лет после великого открытия Дарвина, лишь 98 % ученых согласны с его теорией эволюции путем естественного отбора (которая служит основой любых объяснений в биологии). Masci D. For Darwin Day, 6 Facts about the Evolution Debate // Pew Research Center’s Fact Tank. 2019. 11 февраля. URL: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/02/11/darwin-day/.

Nuccitelli D. Trump Thinks Scientists Are Split on Climate Change. So Do Most Americans // The Guardian. 2018. 22 октября. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2018/oct/22/trump-thinks-scientists-are-split-on-climate-change-so-do-most-americans.

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