Книга Отрицатели науки. Как говорить с плоскоземельщиками, антиваксерами и конспирологами - Ли Макинтайр

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Conversation. 2019. 8 марта. URL: https://theconversation.com/could-a-booster-shot-of-truth-help-scientists-fight-the-anti-vaccine-crisis-111154; McIntyre L. Public Belief Formation and the Politicization of Vaccine Science // The Critique. 2015. 10 сентября. URL: http://www.thecritique.com/articles/public-belief-formation-the-politicization-of-vaccine-science-a-case-study-in-respecting-truth/.

См. McIntyre L. The Scientific Attitude: Defending Science from Denial, Fraud, and Pseudoscience. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2019. С. 143–147. Важно понимать, что феномен сопротивления прививкам восходит ко времени самой первой вакцины, но после статьи Уэйкфилда он получил широчайшее распространение. Историю вопроса см. у: Berman J. Anti-vaxxers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020. Clark County Keeps 800 Students Out of School Due to Measles Outbreak // NBC News. 2019. 7 марта. URL: https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/measles-outbreak/clark-county-keeps-800-students-out-school-due-measles-outbreak-n980491.

Sun L.H. и др. ‘It Will Take Off Like Wildfire’: The Unique Dangers of the Washington State Measles Outbreak // The Washington Post. 2019. 6 февраля. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/it-will-take-off-like-a-wildfire-the-unique-dangers-of-the-washington-state-measles-outbreak/2019/02/06/cfd5088a-28fa-11e9-b011-d8500644dc98_story.html?utm_term=.5b659 64ef193.

Branigin R. I Used to Be Opposed to Vaccines. This Is How I Changed My Mind // The Washington Post. 2019. 11 февраля. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/i-used-to-be-opposed-to-vaccines-this-is-how-i-changed-my-mind/2019/02/11/20fca654-2e24-11e9-86ab-5d02109aeb01_story.html?utm_term=.089a62aac347.

Milne V. и др. Seven Ways to Talk to Anti-vaxxers (That Actually Might Change Their Minds) // Healthy Debate. 2017. 31 августа. URL: https://healthydebate.ca/2017/08/topic/vaccine-safety-hesitancy. В Anti-vaxxers Джонатан Берман рассказывает истории семерых или восьмерых противников прививок, которые изменили свое мнение в похожих обстоятельствах (Berman J. Anti-vaxxers. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020. С. 205–209).

Koren M. Trump’s NASA Chief: ‘I Fully Believe and Know the Climate Is Changing’ // The Atlantic. 2018. 17 мая. URL: https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/05/trump-nasa-climate-change-bridenstine/560642/.

Gross T. How a Rising Star of White Nationalism Broke Free from the Movement // NPR. 2018. 24 сентября. URL: https://www.npr.org/2018/09/24/651052970/how-a-rising-star-of-white-nationalism-broke-free-from-the-movement.

Есть свидетельства и о других подобных обращениях. Удивительна история афроамерикнского блюзового музыканта Дэрила Дэвиса, который лично обратил около 300 бывших клансменов, просто подружившись и поговорив с ними. Segraves M. ‘How Can You Hate Me?’ Maryland Musician Converts White Supremacists // NBC Washington. 2020. 14 февраля. URL: https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/musician-fights-racism-by-speaking-to-white-supremacists/2216483/. См. видеоинтервью с Дэвисом: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/amanpour-and-ompany/video/daryl-davis-on-befriending-members-of-the-kkk/.

Saslow E. Rising Out of Hatred: The Awakening of a Former White Nationalist. New York: Anchor, 2018. С. 225.

Monroe-Kane C. Can You Change the Mind of a White Supremacist? // To the Best of Our Knowledge. 2019. 12 марта. URL: https://www.ttbook.org/interview/can-you-change-mind-white-supremacist.

Weissman D. I Used to Be a Trump Troll – Until Sarah Silverman Engaged with Me // Forward. 2018. 5 июня. URL: https://forward.com/scribe/402478/i-was-a-trump-troll/; Former Twitter Troll Credits Sarah Silverman with Helping Him to See ‘How Important Talking Is’ // CBC Radio. 2019. 12 апреля. URL: https://www.cbc.ca/radio/outintheopen/switching-sides-1.5084481/former-twitter-troll-credits-sarah-silverman-with-helping-him-see-how-important-talking-is-1.5094232; Kwong J. Former Trump Supporter Says MAGA ‘Insults’ Snapped Him Out of ‘Trance’ of Supporting President // Newsweek. 2019. 3 октября. URL: https://www.newsweek.com/former-trump-supporter-snapped-out-maga-1463021.

Kelley M.B. STUDY: Watching Only Fox News Makes You Less Informed Than Watching No News At All // Business Insider. 2012. 22 мая. URL: https://www.businessinsider.com/study-watching-fox-news-makes-you-less-informed-than-watching-no-news-at-all-2012-5.

Milne V. и др. Seven Ways to Talk to Anti-vaxxers (That Actually Might Change Their Minds) // Healthy Debate. 2017. 31 августа. URL: https://healthydebate.ca/2017/08/topic/vaccine-safety-hesitancy.

Kirk K. How to Identify People Open to Evidence about Climate Change // Yale Climate Connection. 2018. 9 ноября. URL: https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2018/11/focus-on-those-with-an-open-mind/.

Glionna J.M. The Real-Life Conversion of a Former Anti-Vaxxer // California Healthline. 2019. 2 августа. URL: https://californiahealthline.org/news/the-real-life-conversion-of-a-former-anti-vaxxer/.

Lewandowsky S. и др. The Conspiracy Theory Handbook // Center For Climate Change Communication, George Mason University. 2020. URL: https://www.climatechangecommunication.org/conspiracy-theory-handbook/.

Chun R. Scientists Are Trying to Figure Out Why People Are OK With Trump’s Endless Supply of Lies // Los Angeles Magazine. 2019. 14 ноября. URL: https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/trump-lies-research/.

Joyce C. Rising Seas Made This Republican Mayor a Climate Change Believer // NPR. 2016. 17 мая. URL: https://www.npr.org/2016/05/17/477014145/rising-seas-made-this-republican-mayor-a-climate-change-believer.

Grimm F. Florida’s Mayors Face Reality of Rising Seas and Climate Change // Miami Herald. 2016. 14 марта. URL: https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/news-columns-blogs/fred-grimm/article68092452.html.

Wheeler S.A. и др. Farmers’ Climate Denial Begins to Wane as Reality Bites // The Conversation. 2018. 11 октября. URL: https://theconversation.com/farmers-climate-denial-begins-to-wane-as-reality-bites-103906; Evich H.B. ‘I’m Standing Right Here in the Middle of Climate Change’: How USDA Is Failing Farmers // Politico. 2019. 15 октября. URL: https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/15/im-standing-here-in-the-middle-of-climate-change-how-usda-fails-farmers-043615; Stories from the Sea: Fishermen Confront Climate Change // Washington Nature. URL: https://www.washingtonnature.org/fishermen-climate-change.

Reynolds E. Some Anti-vaxxers Are Changing Their Minds Because of the Coronavirus Pandemic // CNN. 2020. 20 апреля. URL: https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/20/health/anti-vaxxers-coronavirus-intl/index.html; Henley J. Coronavirus Causing Some Anti-vaxxers to Waver, Experts Say // The Guardian. 2020. 21 апреля. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/21/anti-vaccination-community-divided-how-respond-to-coronavirus-pandemic; Waldersee V. Could the New Coronavirus Weaken ‘Anti-vaxxers’? // Reuters. 2020. 11 апреля. URL: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-antivax/could-the-new-coronavirus-weaken-anti-vaxxers-idUSKCN21T089.

Глава 4. Близкие контакты с глобальным потеплением

Mooney C. и др. The World Has Just Over a Decade to Get Climate Change under Control // The Washington Post. 2018. 7 октября. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2018/10/08/world-has-only-years-get-climate-change-under-control-un-scientists-say/; Chestney N. Global Carbon Emissions Hit Record High in 2017 // Reuters. 2018. 22 марта. URL: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-energy-carbon-iea/global-carbon-emissions-hit-record-high-in-2017-idUSKBN1GY0RB.

Dennis B. и др. ‘We Are in Trouble’: Global Carbon Emissions Reached a Record High in 2018 // The Washington Post. 2018. 5 декабря. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2018/12/05/we-are-trouble-global-carbon-emissions-reached-new-record-high/; Carrington D. ‘Brutal News’: Global Carbon Emissions Jump to All Time High in 2018 // The Guardian. 2018. 5 декабря. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/dec/05/brutal-news-global-carbon-emissions-jump-to-all-time-high-in-2018; Plumer B. U.S. Carbons Emissions Surged in 2018, Even as Coal Plants Closed // The New York Times. 2019. 8 января. URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/08/climate/greenhouse-gas-emissions-increase.html.

Harvey C. и др. CO2 Emissions Will Break Another Record in 2019 // Scientific American. 2019. 4 декабря. URL: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/co2-emissions-will-break-another-record-in-2019/. Но есть кое-какие хорошие новости: хотя мировая эмиссия в 2019 году ожидается максимальной за все годы, темп роста, похоже, падает. Harvey C. и др. Greenhouse Gas Emissions to Set New Record This Year, but Rate of Growth Shrinks // Science. 2019. 4 декабря. URL: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/12/greenhouse-gas-emissions-year-set-new-record-rate-growth-shrinks. В США эмиссия парниковых газов в 2019 году упала на 2,1 % благодаря главным образом сокращению потребления угля. К несчастью, это еще совсем не тот темп, который позволит нам выполнить обязательства по Парижскому соглашению. Mufson S. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Fell Slightly in 2019 // The Washington Post. 2020. 7 января. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-fell-slightly-in-2019/2020/01/06/568f0a82-309e-11ea-a053-dc6d944ba776_story.html.

Dennis B. и др. ‘We Are in Trouble’: Global Carbon Emissions Reached a Record High in 2018 // The Washington Post. 2018. 5 декабря. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2018/12/05/we-are-trouble-global-carbon-emissions-reached-new-record-high/.

Davenport C. Major Climate Report Describes a Strong Risk of Crisis as Early as 2040 // The New York Times. 2018. 7 октября. URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/07/climate/ipcc-climate-report-2040.html; Dennis B. и др. ‘We Are in Trouble’: Global Carbon Emissions Reached a Record High in 2018 // The Washington Post. 2018. 5 декабря. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/energy-environment/2018/12/05/we-are-trouble-global-carbon-emissions-reached-new-record-high/; Holden E. ‘It’ll Change Back’: Trump Says Climate Change Not a Hoax, but Denies Lasting Impact // The Guardian. 2018. 15 октября. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/oct/15/itll-change-back-trump-says-climate-change-not-a-hoax-but-denies-lasting-impact.

Dennis B. In Bleak Report, UN Says Drastic Action Is Only Way to Avoid Worst Impacts of Climate Change // The Washington Post. 2019. 26 ноября. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/11/26/bleak-report-un-says-drastic-action-is-only-way-avoid-worst-impacts-climate-change/; Doyle A. Global Warming May Be More Severe Than Expected by 2100: Study // Reuters. 2017. 6 декабря. URL: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climatechange-temperatures/global-warming-may-be-more-severe-than-expected-by-2100-study-idUSKBN1E02J6; Mosher D. и др. What Earth Might Look Like in 80 Years if We’re Lucky – and if We’re Not // Business Insider. 2019. 17 октября. URL: https://www.businessinsider.com/paris-climate-change-limits-100-years-2017-6; Christensen J. и др. Climate

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