Economy, pp. 180–206.
2122
Keynes, Collected Writings, vol. XVII, p. 131; Harrod, Life of John Maynard Keynes, pp. 288–295; Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes, vol. II, p. 41.
2123
Keynes, Collected Writings, vol. XVIII, p. 48.
2124
Eichengreen, Golden Fetters, pp. 100–124.
2125
Marks, Reparations Reconsidered, в разных местах; Maier, Recasting Bourgeois Europe, pp. 241f.
2126
Holtfrerich, German Inflation, pp. 148f; Webb, Hyperinflation, pp. 54, 104; Eichengreen, Golden Fetters, pp. 129f. Ср. Maier, Truth about the Treaties, pp. 56–67.
2127
Webb, Hyperinflation, p. 107.
2128
Подробности см. в Ferguson, Balance of Payments Question.
2129
PRO CAB 37/141/15, Granville to Grey, 14 Sept. 1915; PRO CAB 37/141/15, Bertie to Grey, 15 Jan. 1916. См. также PRO CAB 37/141/15, Sir John Pilter [Hon. Pres. of British Chamber of Commerce, Paris]: An after the war scheme for a customs union, 1 Sept. 1915.
2130
PRO BT 55/1 (ACCI 5), British trade after the war: report of a subcommittee of the advisory committee to the Board of Trade on commercial intelligence with respect to measures for securing the position, after the war, of certain branches of British industry, 28 Jan. 1916. См. также PRO BT 55/32 (FFT 2), Financial Facilities for Trade Committee: notes on post-bellum trade policy, with special reference to the penalization of German trade, undated, 1916; PRO RECO 1/356, Ministry of Blockade memorandum on “trade war”, 27 June 1917.
2131
Bunselmeyer, Cost of the War, pp. 39–43.
2132
PRO RECO 1/260, Final Report of the committee on commercial and industrial policy after the war [Balfour of Burleigh committee], 3 Dec. 1917.
2133
Balderston, German Economic Crisis, pp. 82ff.
2134
Schuker, American “Reparations” to Germany.
2135
По данным из Bresciani-Turroni, Economics of Inflation, pp. 194, 235; Wagenführ, Die Industriewirtschaft, p. 26.
2136
F. Graham, Exchange, pp. 214–238, 261.
2137
Ferguson, Paper and Iron, pp. 325ff.
2138
Информацию по структуре торговли см. в Hentschel, Zahlen und Anmerkungen, p. 96; Laursen and Pedersen, German Inflation, pp. 99–107; Bresciani-Turroni, Economics of Inflation, p. 194.
2139
Feldman, Great Disorder, pp. 484f.
2140
Bresciani-Turroni, Economics of Inflation, pp. 83–92, 100–154.
2141
Holtfrerich, German Inflation, pp. 213f.
2142
Ibid., pp. 206–220. По оценке Хольтфрериха, если бы Германия вела дефляционную политику, импорт из США сократился бы на 60 %, а из Британии — на 44 %.
2143
Это предсказывал социалист Рудольф Гильфердинг: “С увеличением выпуска [банкнот] торговый баланс неизбежно становится пассивным. Фактически это стимулирует рост внутренних цен, что, в свою очередь, стимулирует импорт и сдерживает экспорт”; Bresciani-Turroni, Economics of Inflation, p. 44n; Maier, Recasting Bourgeois Europe, p. 251.
2144
См. оценки в Bresciani-Turroni, Economics of Inflation, pp. 437f; F. Graham, Exchange, pp. 44f.; Holtfrerich, German Inflation, p. 148.
2145
Рассчитано на основании данных из Webb, Hyperinflation, p. 37; Witt, Finanzpolitik und sozialer Wandel im Krieg, pp. 425f.
2146
Feldman, Great Disorder, pp. 214–239.
2147
Bessel, Germany, pp. 73, 79.
2148
Paddags, Weimar Inflation, pp. 20–24. См. также Bresciani-Turroni, Economics of Inflation, p. 71n; Webb, Hyperinflation, pp. 33, 37.
2149
Paddags, Weimar Inflation, p. 38.
2150
Данные см. в Deutschlands Wirtschaft, Währung und Finanzen, pp. 107–110.
2151
См. Ferguson, Paper and Iron, pp. 280ff.
2152
PRO RECO 1/775, Addison paper, Reconstruction finance, 10 Feb. 1918.
2153
Рассчитано на основании данных из Hoffmann, Grumbach и Hesse, Wachstum, pp. 789f; Mitchell and Deane, British Historical Statistics, pp. 401f.
2154
Feldman, Great Disorder, pp. 46f, 816–819.
2155
Keynes, Tract on Monetary Reform, pp. 3, 29, 36.
2156
Graham F., Exchange, особенно pp. 321, 324.
2157
Laursen и Pedersen, German Inflation, pp. 95–98, 124ff.
2158
Graham, Exchange, pp. 278f, 317f; Laursen и Pedersen, German Inflation, pp. 77, 123.
2159
Graham, Exchange, pp. 289; 318–321.
2160
См., напр., Henning, Das industrialisierte Deutschland, pp. 63–83.
2161
McKibbin, Class and Conventional Wisdom, pp. 259–248.
2162
Holtfrerich, German Inflation, pp. 227–262.
2163
Maier, Recasting Bourgeois Europe, pp. 114, 228–231.
2164
Holtfrerich, German Inflation, pp. 265–278.
2165
Haller, Rolle der Staatsfinanzen, p. 151.
2166
Ferguson, Paper and Iron, p. 8. Ср. Feldman, Great Disorder, pp. 447ff.
2167
James H., German Slump, p. 42.
2168
Ferguson, Paper and Iron, p. 8.
2169
Ibid.
2170
Ibid., pp. 8f.
2171
Ibid., p. 9.
2172
Feldman, Great Disorder, pp. 249, 253.
2173
Bresciani-Turroni, Economics of Inflation, pp. 183, 215, 261f, 275, 286, 314f, 330ff, 404.
2174
