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29. Там же, с. 5.
30. L. L. Langer, Указанная публикация., с. 21.
31. L. L. Langer, Указанная публикация., с. 34.
32. J. Osterman and B. A. van der Kolk, “Awareness During Anaesthesia and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder”, General Hospital Psychiatry 20 (1998): 274–81. См. также: K. Kiviniemi, “Conscious Awareness and Memory During General Anesthesia”, Journal of the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists 62 (1994): 441–49; A. D. Macleod and E. Maycock, “Awareness During Anesthesia and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder”, Anesthesia and Intensive Care 20, no. 3 (1992) 378–82; F. Guerra, “Awareness and Recall: Neurological and Psychological Complications of Surgery and Anesthesia”, in International Anesthesiology Clinics, vol. 24. ed. B. T. Hindman (Boston: Little, Brown, 1986), 75–99; J. Eldor and D. Z. N. Frankel, “Intra-anesthetic Awareness”, Resuscitation 21 (1991): 113–19; J. L. Breckenridge and A. R. Aitkenhead, “Awareness During Anesthesia: A Review”, Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 65, no. 2 (1983), 93.
Глава 13. Исцеление от травмы: владение самим собой
1. «Самоуправление» – это термин, использованный Диком Шварцем в терапии внутренних семейных систем, которой посвящена семнадцатая глава.
2. Исключение составляет методики Пессо и Шварца подробно описанные в семнадцатой и восемнадцатой главах. Я сам их практикую, и лично мне они помогли, хотя я не занимался их научным изучением – пока еще.
3. A. F. Arnsten, “Enhanced: The Biology of Being Frazzled”, Science 280, no. 5370 (1998): 1711–12; A. Arnsten, “Stress Signalling Pathways Tat Impair Prefrontal Cortex Structure and Function”, Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10, no. 6 (2009): 410–22.
4. D. J. Siegel, The Mindful Therapist: A Clinician’s Guide to Mindsight and Neural Integration (New York: W. W. Norton, 2010).
5. J. E. LeDoux, “Emotion Circuits in the Brain”, Annual Review of Neuroscience 23, no. 1 (2000): 155–84. См. также: M. A. Morgan, L. M. Romanski, and J. E. LeDoux, “Extinction of Emotional Learning: Contribution of Medial Prefrontal Cortex”, Neuroscience Letters 163, no. 1 (1993): 109–13; and J. M. Moscarello and J. E. LeDoux, “Active Avoidance Learning Requires Prefrontal Suppression of Amygdala-Mediated Defensive Reactions”, Journal of Neuroscience 33, no. 9 (2013): 3815–23.
6. S. W. Porges, “Stress and Parasympathetic Control”, Stress Science: Neuroendocrinology 306 (2010). См. также: S. W. Porges, “Reciprocal Influences Between Body and Brain in the Perception and Expression of Affect”, in The Healing Power of Emotion: Affective Neuroscience, Development & Clinical Practice, Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology (New York: W. W. Norton, 2009), 27.
7. B. A. van der Kolk, et al., “Yoga as an Adjunctive Treatment for PTSD”, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 75, no. 6 (June 2014): 559–65.
8. Sebern F. Fisher, Neurofeed back in the Treatment of Developmental Trauma: Calming the Fear-Driven Brain (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2014).
9. R. P. Brown and P. L. Gerbarg, “Sudarshan Kriya Yogic Breathing in the Treatment of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression-Part II: Clinical Applications and Guidelines”, Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine 11, no. 4 (2005): 711–17. См. также: C. L. Mandle, et al., “The Efficacy of Relaxation Response Interventions with Adult Patients: A Review of the Literature”, Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 10 (1996): 4–26; and M. Nakao, et al., “Anxiety Is a Good Indicator for Somatic Symptom Reduction Trough Behavioral Medicine Intervention in a Mind/Body Medicine Clinic”, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 70 (2001): 50–57.
10. C. Hannaford, Smart Moves: Why Learning Is Not All in Your Head (Arlington, VA: Great Ocean Publishers, 1995), 22207–3746.
11. J. Kabat-Zinn, Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness (New York: Bantam Books, 2013). См. также: D. Fosha, D. J. Siegel, and M. Solomon, eds., The Healing Power of Emotion: Affective Neuroscience, Development & Clinical Practice, Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology (New York: W. W. Norton, 2011); and B. A. van der Kolk, “Posttraumatic Therapy in the Age of Neuroscience”, Psychoanalytic Dialogues 12, no. 3 (2002): 381–92.
12. Как мы видели в пятой главе, на снимках мозга пациентов с ПТСР видно изменение активности в участках, связанных с сетью по умолчанию, которая задействована в автобиографической памяти и самовосприятии.
13. P. A. Levine, In an Unspoken Voice: How the Body Releases Trauma and Restores Goodness (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic, 2010).
14. P. Ogden, Trauma and the Body (New York: Norton, 2009). См. также: A. Y. Shalev, “Measuring Outcome in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder”, Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 61, supp. 5 (2000): 33–42.
15. I. Kabat-Zinn, Full Catastrophe Living. стр. xx.
16. S. G. Hofmann, et al., “The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Therapy on Anxiety and Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 78, no. 2 (2010): 169–83; J. D. Teasdale, et al., “Prevention of Relapse/Recurrence in Major Depression by Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 68 (2000): 615–23. См. также: Britta K. Hölzel, et al., “How Does Mindfulness Meditation Work? Proposing Mechanisms of Action from a Conceptual and Neural Perspective”, Perspectives on Psychological Science 6, no. 6 (2011): 537–59; and P. Grossman, et al., “Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Health Benefits: A Meta-Analysis”, Journal of Psychosomatic Research 57, no. 1 (2004): 35–43.
17. Нейронные контуры мозга, задействованные в медитации самоосознанности, хорошо известны, они улучшают регуляцию внимания и помогают не мешать эмоциональным реакциям выполнять задачи, требующие концентрации внимания. См.: L. E. Carlson, et al., “One Year Pre-Post Intervention Follow-up of Psychological, Immune, Endocrine and Blood Pressure Outcomes of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) in Breast and Prostate Cancer Outpatients”, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 21, no. 8 (2007): 1038–49; and R. J. Davidson, et al., “Alterations in Brain and Immune Function Produced by Mindfulness Meditation”, Psychosomatic Medicine 65, no. 4 (2003): 564–70.
18. Бритта Хейцель вместе с коллегами подробно исследовала медитацию и функции мозга, показав, что она задействует дорсомедиальную префронтальную кору, вентролатеральную префронтальную кору и ростральный отдел передней поясной коры. См.: B. K. Hölzel, et al., “Stress Reduction Correlates with Structural Changes in the Amygdala”, Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 5 (2010): 11–17; B. K. Hölzel, et al., “Mindfulness Practice Leads to Increases in Regional Brain Gray Matter Density”, Psychiatry Research 191, no. 1 (2011): 36–43; B. K. Hölzel, et al., “Investigation of Mindfulness Meditation Practitioners with Voxel-Based Morphometry”, Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 3, no. 1 (2008): 55–61; and B. K. Hölzel, et al., “Diferential Engagement of Anterior Cingulate and Adjacent Medial Frontal Cortex in Adept Meditators and Non-meditators”, Neuroscience Letters 421, no. 1 (2007): 16–21.
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