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200 оптимистичнее: W. Y. Cheung, C. Sedikides, and T. Wildschut, «Induced Nostalgia Increases Optimism (via Social Connectedness and Self-Esteem) Among Individuals High, but Not Low, in Trait Nostalgia,» Personality and Individual Differences 90 (2016): 283–88, doi: 10.1016/j.paid.20215.11.028.200 Мартин Селигман запустил: M. Seligman, Authentic Happiness (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002).
201 «социо-эмоциональной селективности»: L. Carstensen, «The Influence of a Sense of Time on Human Development,» Science 312 (2006): 1913–15, and L. L. Carstensen, D. M. Isaacowitz, and S. T. Charles, «Taking Time Seriously: A Theory of Socioemotional Selectivity,» American Psychologist 54 (1999): 165–81.
202 «экспрессивному письму»: S. Mugerwa and J. D. Holden, «Writing Therapy: A New Tool for General Practice?» British Journal of General Practice 62 (2012): 661–63.
202 «Горе может позаботиться о себе»: Pudd’nhead Wilson’s New Calendar, quoted in M. Twain, Following the Equator (Hartford, CT: American Publishing Company, 1897), 447.
203 обсуждение радостных моментов: S. L. Gable, H. T. Reis, E. A. Impett, and E. R. Asher, «What Do You Do When Things Go Right? The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events,» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87 (2004): 228–45.
203 наслаждаетесь опытом: M. Biskas et al., «A Prologue to Nostalgia: Savouring Creates Nostalgic Memories That Foster Optimism,» Cognition and Emotion, April 2, 2018, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2018.1458705.
203 щедрее и доверчивее: H. T. Reis et al., «Are You Happy for Me? How Sharing Positive Events with Others Provides Personal and Interpersonal Benefits,» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 99 (2010): 311–29.
203 поэт Джон Мильтон: Paradise Lost (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), bk. 5, lines 71–72.
203 «отношение благодарности»: A. M. Wood, S. Joseph, and J. Maltby, «Gratitude Predicts Psychological Well-Being Above the Big Five Facets,» Personality and Individual Differences 46 (2009): 443–47.
204 раз в неделю: R. A. Emmons and M. E. McCullough, «Counting Blessings Versus Burdens: An Experimental Investigation of Gratitude and Subjective Well-Being in Daily Life,» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84 (2003): 377–89.
204 «визит благодарности»: M. E. Seligman, T. A. Steen, N. Park, and C. Peterson, «Positive Psychology Progress: Empirical Validation of Interventions,» American Psychologist 60 (2005): 410.
205 Стивен Стиллз поет: Cited in C. Sedikides, T. Wildschut, C. Routledge, and J. Arndt, «Nostalgia Counteracts Self-Discontinuity and Restores Self-Continuity,» European Journal of Social Psychology 45 (2015): 52–61, doi:10.1002/ejsp.2073.
205 Хамфри Богарт раздумывает: Cited in M. Vess, J. Arndt, C. Routledge, C. Sedikides, and Tim Wildschut, «Nostalgia as a Resource for the Self,» Self and Identity 11 (2012): 273–84, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2010.521452.
Глава 9: Кризис Кризиса
208 «Цель»: H. L. Mencken, In Defense of Women (Mineola, NY: Dover, 2004), 29.
208 эффект магазина пластинок: C. Morewedge, «It Was a Most Unusual Time: How Memory Bias Engenders Nostalgic Preferences,» Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 26 (2013): 319–26.
209 первый в истории экономист: M. N. Rothbard, Economic Thought Before Adam Smith (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1995).
209 «жили в мире и спокойствии»: Hesiod, «Works and Days,» lines 110–80, in Hesiod: The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, trans. H. G. Evelyn-White (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1914).
210 Рабство было приемлемой традицией: J. Black, A Brief History of Slavery (London: Robinson, 2011), 12–50, and M. Meltzer, Slavery: A World History (Boston: Da Capo, 1993). Meltzer concludes (p. 6) that the «institution of slavery was universal throughout much of history.»
210 Технологический процесс был медленным: Исторические источники до начала восемнадцатого века включают: R. Stark, How the West Won: The Neglected Story of the Triumph of Modernity (Wilmington, DE: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2014), and J. Gimpel, The Medieval Machine: The Industrial Revolution of the Middle Ages (New York: Penguin, 1977).
210 «эры человечества»: Gimpel, Medieval Machine, viii.
211 влияние иностранных монархов: J. B. De Long, «Overstrong Against Thyself: War, the State, and Growth in Europe on the Eve of the Industrial Revolution,» in A Not-So-Dismal Science: A Broader View of Economies and Societies, ed. M. Olson and S. Kähkönen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), chap. 5.
211 Великое обогащение: D. N. McCloskey, Bourgeois Equality: How Ideas, Not Capital or Institutions, Enriched the World (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016).
211 в демократических странах: M. Roser, «Democracy,» Our World in Data, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/democracy. See also an estimate that 72 percent of humans live in societies that are free or partly free: Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2018, https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2018.
211 согласно записям Пинкера: S. Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (New York: Penguin, 2011), Kindle, and M. Roser, «War and Peace,» Our World in Data, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/war-and-peace.
212 фермеры теперь могут прокормить: J. H. Ausubel, I. K. Wernick, and P. E. Waggoner, «Peak Farmland and the Prospect for Land Sparing,» Population Development Review 38, S1 (February 2013): 221–42, and M. Roser and H. Ritchie, «Yields and Land Use in Agriculture,» Our World in Data, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/yields-and-land-use-in-agriculture.
212 было определено, что только половина: M. Roser, «Hunger and Undernourishment,» Our World in Data, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/hunger-and-undernourishment#what-do-we-know-about-the-decline-of-undernourishment-in-the-developing-world-over-the-long-run, цитируя 50-процентную оценку Продовольственной и Сельскохозяйственной организации 1940-х. Розер предупреждает насчет сомнений в качестве первых данных, однако считает оценку «полезным указателем уровня недостаточного питания».
212 почти 90 процентов: FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO, The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018 (Rome: FAO, 2018), 4.
212 эта продолжительность жизни: M. Roser, «Life Expectancy,» Our World in Data, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy.
212 грамотность и образование: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, «Literacy Rates – UNICEF Data,» July 2018, https://data.unicef.org/topic/education/literacy/, and M. Roser, «Global Rise of Education,» Our World in Data, 2019, https://ourworldindata.org/global-rise-of-education.
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