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46. Hamer, Lavoie, and Bacon, “Taking Up Physical Activity in Later Life and Healthy Ageing”.
47. Daniel Y. T. Fong et al., “Physical Activity for Cancer Survivors: Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials”, BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 344, no. jan30_5 (January 31, 2012): e70, doi: 10.1136/bmj.e70.
48. M. E. Hopkins et al., “Differential Effects of Acute and Regular Physical Exercise on Cognition and Affect”, Neuroscience 215 (July 26, 2012): 59-68, doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.056; Hamer, Lavoie, and Bacon, “Taking Up Physical Activity in Later Life and Healthy Ageing”; Maria A. I. Aberg et al., “Cardiovascular Fitness Is Associated with Cognition in Young Adulthood”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106, no. 49 (December 8, 2009): 20906-11, doi:10.1073/pnas.0905307106; Arthur F. Kramer, Kirk I. Erickson, and Stanley J. Colcombe, “Exercise, Cognition, and the Aging Brain”, Journal of Applied Physiology 101, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 1237-42, doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00500.2006.
49. Kate Lambourne and Phillip Tomporowski, “The Effect of Exercise-Induced Arousal on Cognitive Task Performance: A Meta-Regression Analysis”, Brain Research 1341 (June 23, 2010): 12-24, doi:10.1016/j. brainres.2010.03.091.
50. Marily Oppezzo and Daniel L. Schwartz, “Give Your Ideas Some Legs: The Positive Effect of Walking on Creative Thinking”, Journal of Experimental Psychology (2014).
51. Shelley S. Tworoger et al., “Effects of a Yearlong Moderate-Intensity Exercise and a Stretching Intervention on Sleep Quality in Postmenopausal Women”, Sleep 26, no. 7 (2003): 830-38.
52. Abby C. King et al., “Moderate-Intensity Exercise and Self-Rated Quality of Sleep in Older Adults”, JAMA 277, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 32-37, doi: 10.1001/jama. 1997.03540250040029.
53. В этой работе не учитывается масса тела и ее изменения. Hamer, Lavoie, and Bacon, “Taking Up Physical Activity in Later Life and Healthy Ageing”.
54. B. L. Tracy et al., “Muscle Quality. II. Effects of Strength Training in 65-to 75-Yr-Old Men and Women”, Journal of Applied Physiology 86, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 195-201.
55. Kramer, Erickson, and Colcombe, “Exercise, Cognition, and the Aging Brain”.
56. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans”.
57. Подсчитать максимальный пульс можно на веб-сайте по адресу: http://www.ntnu.edu/cerg/hrmax.
58. Karissa L. Canning et al., “Individuals Underestimate Moderate and Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity”, ed. Conrad P. Earnest, PloS One 9, no. 5 (January 2014): e97927, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097927.
59. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,“2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans”.
60. Ross C. Brownson, Tegan K. Boehmer, and Douglas A. Luke, “Declining Rates of Physical Activity in the United States: What Are the Contributors?”, Annual Review of Public Health 26 (October 7, 2005): 421-43.
61. Там же.
62. Там же.
63. Uri Ladabaum et al., “Obesity, Abdominal Obesity, Physical Activity, and Caloric Intake in US Adults: 1988 to 2010”, American Journal of Medicine 127, no. 8 (August 2014): 717-727.el2, doi:10.1016/j. amjmed.2014.02.026.
64. Цель программы «Упражнение — это лекарство» — популяризация упражнений наряду с другими способами профилактики заболеваний, а также учет степени физической активности пациентов при их приеме. 11рограмма поддерживается сотнями организаций, связанных со здравоохранением. Список организаций доступен по ссылке: http://www.cxerciseismedicine.org/supporters.htm.
65. Susan A. Carlson cl al., “Trend and Prevalence Estimates Based on the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine 89, no. 4 (October 2010): 305-13, doi:10.1016/j. amepre.2() 10.06.006.
66. Jared M. Uickci, Gregory J. Welk, and Nicholas K. Beyler, “Physical Activity in U.S.: Adults Compliance with the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine 40, no. 4 (April 2011): 454-61, doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.016.
67. Там же.
68. Там же. Акселерометры — решение неидеальное, с их помощью можно скорее недооценить интенсивность упражнений, чем переоценить.
69. Ryan Е. Rhodes and Gert-Jan de Bruijn, “How Big Is the Physical Activity Intention-Behaviour Gap? A Meta-Analysis Using the Action Control Framework”, British Journal of Health Psychology 18, no. 2 (May 2013): 296-309, doi: 10.1111 /bjhp. 12032.
70. Geoff Williams, “The Heavy Price of Losing Weight”, U.S. News & World Report, January 2, 2013, http://money.usnews.com/money/ personal-finance/articles/2013/01/02/the-heavy-price-of-losing-weight. Уильямс цитирует этот источник: “Gym Membership Statistics”, StatisticsBrain.com, 2012, http://www.statisticbrain.com/ gym-membership-statistics/.
71. В соответствии с данными sportsbusinessdaily.com, в Соединенных Штатах на спортивную одежду ежегодно тратится $30 млрд: Amber Good fellow, “The Athletic Apparel Industry: Fitness or Fashion?”, Digital Universe, 2013, http://universe.byu.edu/2013/07/30/the-athletic-apparel-industry-fitness-or-fashion/.
72. На эту тему написано множество книг и тысячи статей. Основные идеи в конспективном виде можно найти в книге: Mark Conner et al., Predicting Health Behaviour (Maidenhead, England: McGraw-Hill International, 2005). Еще одну полезную статью см.: Ralf Schwarzer, “Modeling Health Behavior Change: How to Predict and Modify the Adoption and Maintenance of Health Behaviors”, Applied Psychology 57, no. 1 (January 2008): 1-29, doi:10.1111/j.l464-0597.2007.00325.x.
73. Conner et al., “Predicting Health Behaviour”.
74. Marcel den Hoed et al., “Heritability of Objectively Assessed Daily Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 98, no. 5 (November 18, 2013): 1317-25, doi:10.3945/ ajcn.113.069849.
75. Justin S. Rhodes, Theodore Garland, and Stephen C. Gammie, “Patterns of Brain Activity Associated with Variation in Voluntary Wheel-Running Behavior”, Behavioral Neuroscience 117, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1243-56, doi: 10.1037/0735-7044.117.6.1243.
76. Там же.
77. Rachel J. Burns et al., “A Theoretically Grounded Systematic Review of Material Incentives for Weight Loss: Implications for Interventions”, Annals of Behavioral Medicine 44, no. 3 (December 2012): 375-88, doi: 10.1007/S12160-012-9403-4.
78. Этой студенткой была Рейчел Бернс.
79. Rachel J. Burns, “Can We Pay People to Act Healthily? Testing the Relative Effectiveness of Incentive Dimensions and Underlying Psychological Mediators” (University of Minnesota, 2014).
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