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18. Глубокая стимуляция мозга (DBS) обладает и возбуждающим, и подавляющим эффектом, в зависимости от того, какое вещество мозга подвергается стимуляции – белое или серое.
19. H. S. Mayberg et al., “Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression,” Neuron 45 (2005): 651–660; M. Hopkin, “Implant Boosts Activity in Injured Brain,” Nature 448 (2007): 522; N. D. Schiff et al., “Behavioural Improvements With Thalamic Stimulation After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury,” Nature 448 (2007): 600–603; M. N. Shadler and R. Kiani, “News and Views. Neurology: An Awakening,” Nature 448 (2007): 539–540.
20. M. Beauregard, “Mind Does Really Matter: Evidence from Neuroimaging Studies of Emotional Self-Regulation, Psychotherapy, and Placebo Effect,” Progress in Neurobiology 81, no. 4 (2007): 218–236.
21. M. Massimini et al., “Breakdown of Cortical Effective Connectivity During Sleep,” Science 309, no. 5744 (2005): 2228–2232.
22. Massimini et al., “Breakdown.”
23. N. S. White and M. T. Alkire, “Impaired Thalamocortical Connectivity in Humans During General-Anesthetic Induced Unconsciousness,” Neuroimage 19, no. 2, pt. 1 (2003): 401–411; M. T. Alkire and J. Miller, “General Anesthesia and the Neural Correlates of Consciousness,” Progress in Brain Research 150 (2005): 229–244; M. T. Alkire, A. G. Hudetz, and G. Tononi, “Consciousness and Anesthesia,” Science 322, no. 5903 (2008): 876–880.
24. T. J. Balkin et al., “The Process of Awakening: A PET Study of Regional Brain Activity Patterns Mediating the Re-establishment of Alertness and Consciousness,” Brain 125 (2002): 2308–2319.
25. J. A. Den Boer, Neuro-filosofie: Hersenen-Bewustzijn-Vrije wil [Нейрофилософия: мозг, сознание и свободная воля] (Amsterdam: Boom, 2003), 128.
26. S. Y. Berkovich, “On the Information Processing Capabilities of the Brain: Shifting the Paradigm,” Nanobiology 2 (1993): 99–107; H. Romijn, “Are Virtual Photons the Elementary Carriers of Consciousness?” Journal of Consciousness Studies 9 (2002): 61–81.
27. K. Pribram, “The Neurophysiology of Remembering,” Scientific American 220 (1969): 75; K. Lashley, “In Search of the Engram,” Psychological Mechanisms in Animal Behavior (New York: Academic Press, 1950), 454–482.
28. R. Lewin, “Is Your Brain Really Necessary?” Science 210 (1980): 1232–1234.
29. M. Nahm and B. Greyson, “Terminal Lucidity in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia and Dementia: A Survey of the Literature,” Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 197, no. 12 (2009): 942–944.
30. Schwartz, and Begley, Mind and the Brain.
31. N. Doidge, The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science (London: Penguin Books, 2007).
32. P. R. Huttenlocher, “Synapse Elimination and Plasticity in Developing Human Cerebral Cortex,” American Journal of Mental Deficiency 88 (1984): 488–496.
33. M. T. Acosta, P. Montanez, and F. E. Leon-Sarmiento, “Half Brain but Not Half Function,” Lancet 360 (2002): 643; J. Borgstein and C. Grootendorst, “Clinical Picture: Half a Brain,” Lancet 359 (2002): 473.
34. H. S. Mayberg et al., “The Functional Neuroanatomy of the Placebo Effect,” American Journal of Psychiatry 159 (2002): 728–737.
35. T. D. Wager, “Placebo-Induced Changes in fMRI in the Anticipation and Experience of Pain,” Science 303 (2004): 1162–1167; F. Benedetti et al., “Neurobiological Mechanisms of the Placebo Effect,” Journal of Neuroscience 25, no. 45 (2005): 10390–10402.
36. Beauregard, M. “Mind Does Really Matter: Evidence from Neuroimaging Studies of Emotional Self-Regulation, Psychotherapy, and Placebo Effect.” Progress in Neurobiology 81, no. 4 (2007): 218–236; M. Beauregard and D. O’Leary, “Toward a Nonmaterialistic Science of Mind,” chap. 6, в кн: The Spiritual Brain: How Neuroscience Is Revealing the Existence of the Soul (San Francisco: HarperOne, 2007), 125–180.
37. Schwartz and Begley, Mind and the Brain; R. J. Davidson et al., “Alterations in Brain and Immune Function Produced by Mindfulness Meditation,” Psychosomatic Medicine 65, no. 4 (2003): 564–570.
38. На ЭЭГ фиксируются различные мозговые волны, перечисленные в порядке роста их частоты: дельта, тэта, альфа, бета и гамма-волны. У дельта-волн наиболее низкая частота. Считается, что тэта-волны соответствуют состоянию расслабления, медитации и творчества, а гамма-волны обычно ассоциируются с пиковой концентрацией, оптимальным когнитивным функционированием, ростом умственных способностей и повышением уровня сострадания и счастья. См. A. Lutz et al., “Long-Term Meditators Self-Induce High-Amplitude Gamma Synchrony During Mental Practice,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 101, no. 46 (2004): 16369–16373.
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40. При таком рассечении ткани мозолистого тела, соединяющие два полушария головного мозга и способствующие связи и координации действий между ними, частично разделяют.
41. R. W. Sperry, “Mental Phenomena as Causal Determinants in Brain Function,” в кн.: Consciousness of the Brain, ed. G. G. Globus, G. Maxwell, and I. Savodnik (New York: Plenum, 1976); B. Libet et al., “Time of Conscious Intention to Act in Relation to Onset of Cerebral Activity (Readiness Potential): The Unconscious Initiation of a Freely Voluntary Act,” Brain 106 (1983): 623–642; B. Libet, “A Testable Field Theory of Mind-Brain Interaction,” Journal of Consciousness Studies 1 (1994): 119–126; B. Libet, Mind Time: The Temporal Factor in Consciousness (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004); M. Beauregard, P. Lévesque, and V. Paquette, “Neural Basis of Conscious and Voluntary Self-Regulation of Emotion,” в кн.: Consciousness, Emotional Self-Regulation and the Brain, ed. M. Beauregard (Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing, 2004), 163–194.
42. D. Dennett, Consciousness Explained (Boston and London: Little, Brown, 1991); S. J. Blackmore, “There Is No Stream of Consciousness,” Journal of Consciousness Studies 9, nos. 5–6 (2002): 17–28.
43. R. Penrose, Shadows of the Mind (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996); Beauregard and O’Leary, Spiritual Brain; Noë, Out of Our Heads.
Глава 10. Квантовая физика и сознание
1. S. Hawking, The Universe in a Nutshell (London: Bantam Press, 2001).
2. M. Bischof, Biophotonen – Das Licht, das unsere Zellen steuert [Биофотоны – свет, управляющий нашими клетками], 11th ed. (Frankfurt: Verlag Zweitausendeins, 2001), 217. Сайт http://www.marcobischof.com содержит ряд статей на английском, посвященных тому же предмету.
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